Improvement in the manufacture of cement pipes



l. A. MIDDLETON.

Manufacture of Cement Pipes.

No. 133,875. Patentd Dec.10,1872.

IIIIIIII IIIIIII r I IIIIIJII III-III IIIIII a-- I I II I UNITED STATES JOHN A. MIDDLETON, or'nnw YORK,

n. Y, Assienon 'IO WILLIAM s. MID- pnnron, or SAME PLACE.

JMPROJVZEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT PIPE-S.

fipecifioation forming part of Iietters'Patent No. 133,575, dated December 10, 1872.

in g material enables the pipes to resist pressures up to threehundred pounds to the square inch for pipes of ordinary diameter, say twelve inches inside.

I will proceed to describe what I consider the best means of carrying out the invention.

The accompanying drawing forms apart of this specification.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal central section;

Fig. 2 is a transverse section on the line S S in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a section, enlarged, through the wire cloth alone; Fig. 4 is a face View of i the wire-cloth; and Fig. 5.shows one of the extra wire shapes which may be introduced to aid in holding the wire-cloth in position.

Similar letters of reference indicate like parts in all the figures.

The metallic strengthening material will be designated by the general letter A. It is a wire-cloth, formed of wires of proper thickness,woven together by any of the means now practiced in wire-weaving, but it is better that both sets of the wires-that is to say,botl1 the warp and the weft-are about eq ally bent in passing each other; in other words, all the wires are wavy or serpentine.

In preparing to mold my pipe, the mold may be'similar in its general construction ,to that described in the application for patent by my partner, John S. Roake, allowed July 15, 1872. The wire-cloth being introduced in the proper position, and held in place by any suitable means,a semi-fluid stony composition, B, is poured in and allowed to harden, forming strong pipe, in which the stony composition B forms both the outer and the inner surface, and the wire-cloth Ais embedded in or near the middle of its thickness. The molds are so constructed that a rabbet, b, is formed around i the exterior at each end. .When the ends of two sections are abutted together in the proper position to form a joint they fit tightly at their inner edges, and out as far as the wire-cloth, and a little beyond it. Outside of this the rabbet b on each provides a recess extending quite around, which is to be afterward filled. I apply a sheet metal band, D, and supply the filling material E through a'hole, d, provided in the band 1). I prefer to employ a grout of proper thickness, composed of cement and sand. The band D being formed of plain iron, with lugs suitably formed .at the end and drawn together by astrong screwbolt, holds the ends of the pipes stiffly inposition and in line, and the cement applied within, swelling a little in setting, forms a perfectly-tight joint. A thicker cement may be used by applying it in a plastic state with a trowel, quite around, in a sufficient quantity to alittle more than fill the rabbets b, and immediately afterward compressing thereon the sheet metal D. The wire-cloth may be studded at intervals with cross-wiresc, of alength onlyalittle less than thethickness of the entire pipe. These serve to hold the wire-cloth steadily in its position in or near the middle of the thickness of the pipe. The wire-cloth should be cut of a size a little more than sufficient to reach around, and the overlapping edges may be joined together by bending in a manner anal ogous to the junction of stovepipe metal, or rivets or 1 other "ordinary iastenin gs may be employed. It may be woven or knit in a complete cylinder, if preferred.

Thewire-stren gthenin g material Apossesses this distinctive peculiarity, difierent from mere sheet metal or perforated metal, that, as the composition B shrinks in cooling, the wires by increasing their serpentine condition, or by slightly changing their positions relatively to each other, allow for this. Myexperiments have not fully determined whether the mate,

rial is sufficiently plastic in the interior at the period of the shrinkage, or afterth'e most of it has taken place, to allow it to perfectly follow up these increased bendingsfor changes of position of the wires; but I believe that this is the case, for I find the pipe very greatly strengthened by the addition of the wire. At

any rate the wires are so conditioned in their positions that when the pipe is subjected to a e Q I 133,875

bursting strain the wires contribute their strength to the mass before the elasticity of the stony portion has been fully exhausted. The composition I employ will hear about one hundred and fifty pounds to the square inch without the metallic strengthening. With the strengthening the parts will bear about three hundred pounds to the square inch. I can employ the composition described in the patent of William A. Battersby, dated August 2, 1870. Various other compositions may probably be used with success. I prefer, however, one which I have invented, and shall make the subject of a separate application for patent.

It may be proper to state here that it contains in the proportion of one hundred and sixty five pounds clean sand, twentyfive pounds pulverized clay, twenty pounds pulverized limestone, and eighteen pounds of resin, agitated together at a high temperature, about 750 Fahrenheit, and poured into the gold at a temperature of about 400 Fahreneit.

Fig. 5 shows one of the wires 0 properly bent and adapted to be introduc'edin the wirecloth A, extending out so as to touch the mold outside and inside, and aid in sustaining the wire-cloth while the, composition B ispoured.

I claim as my invention- 1. The within-described pipe having a wirecloth, A, embedded in the molded material B, and adapted both to yield to the contractile action of :the earthy composition in cooling and to aid in resisting a bursting force, substantially as herein specified.

2. In a compound pipe, substantially of the character herein specified, the cross-wires 0 formed and applied to the wire-cloth A, as specified, so as to hold the parts firmly in position while the plastic material is being poured. 

